Table 1 SUVs for the upper extremity skeletal muscles between the pitcher and control groups

Superior part of trapezius

0.70 ± 0.14

0.58 ± 0.08

[0.02, 0.24]

1.09

0.026^a

0.64 ± 0.06

0.57 ± 0.09

[−0.01, 0.14]

0.85

0.074

Horizontal part of trapezius

0.74 ± 0.09

0.65 ± 0.08

[0.01, 0.17]

1.11

0.024^a

0.74 ± 0.14

0.67 ± 0.08

[−0.03, 0.18]

0.67

0.153

Inferior part of trapezius

0.70 ± 0.07

0.73 ± 0.08

[−0.09, 0.05]

0.33

0.468

0.74 ± 0.13

0.69 ± 0.07

[−0.05, 0.15]

0.45

0.325

Levator scapulae

0.71 ± 0.18

0.58 ± 0.10

[−0.01, 0.27]

0.88

0.07

0.71 ± 0.15

0.58 ± 0.13

[0.00, 0.26]

0.94

0.049^a

Rhomboids

0.65 ± 0.08

0.68 ± 0.11

[−0.11, 0.06]

0.27

0.554

0.67 ± 0.13

0.76 ± 0.09

[−0.19, 0.02]

0.76

0.106

Serratus anterior

0.76 ± 0.07

0.71 ± 0.08

[−0.06, 0.16]

0.46

0.316

0.74 ± 0.11

0.68 ± 0.10

[−0.04, 0.15]

0.56

0.23

Pectoralis minor

0.72 ± 0.09

0.62 ± 0.12

[−0.01, 0.19]

0.89

0.062

0.70 ± 0.14

0.68 ± 0.10

[−0.09, 0.14]

0.21

0.649

Subscapularis

0.76 ± 0.07

0.79 ± 0.08

[−0.10, 0.05]

0.32

0.481

0.80 ± 0.09

0.77 ± 0.09

[−0.06, 0.12]

0.3

0.509

Supraspinatus

0.75 ± 0.10

0.72 ± 0.14

[−0.08, 0.14]

0.25

0.579

0.76 ± 0.07

0.79 ± 0.09

[−0.10, 0.05]

0.33

0.465

Infraspinatus

0.81 ± 0.07

0.83 ± 0.09

[−0.10, 0.06]

0.22

0.626

0.86 ± 0.11

0.80 ± 0.11

[−0.04, 0.17]

0.56

0.227

Teres minor

0.88 ± 0.10

0.88 ± 0.19

[−0.14, 0.15]

0.05

0.906

0.88 ± 0.10

0.85 ± 0.14

[−0.09, 0.15]

0.25

0.589

Teres major

0.85 ± 0.22

0.63 ± 0.14

[0.04, 0.39]

1.17

0.017^a

0.93 ± 0.49

0.65 ± 0.16

[−0.08, 0.64]

0.77

0.113

Anterior part of deltoid

0.60 ± 0.20

0.62 ± 0.12

[−0.18, 0.13]

0.14

0.758

0.68 ± 0.37

0.60 ± 0.10

[−0.18, 0.34]

0.3

0.515

Middle part of deltoid

0.66 ± 0.16

0.64 ± 0.11

[−0.11, 0.15]

0.12

0.787

0.66 ± 0.13

0.64 ± 0.09

[−0.09, 0.13]

0.18

0.69

Posterior part of deltoid

0.77 ± 0.10

0.65 ± 0.06

[0.04, 0.20]

1.46

0.017^a

0.78 ± 0.11

0.63 ± 0.10

[0.06, 0.25]

1.49

0.004^a

Latissimus dorsi

0.76 ± 0.29

0.55 ± 0.09

[0.01, 0.43]

1.02

0.045^a

0.90 ± 0.49

0.57 ± 0.09

[−0.02, 0.68]

0.94

0.064

Pectoralis major

0.71 ± 0.22

0.56 ± 0.12

[−0.01, 0.32]

0.87

0.067

0.68 ± 0.37

0.58 ± 0.11

[−0.05, 0.26]

0.64

0.168

Coracobrachialis

0.97 ± 0.13

0.90 ± 0.12

[−0.05, 0.19]

0.56

0.229

0.66 ± 0.13

0.88 ± 0.14

[−0.15, 0.11]

0.13

0.769

Biceps

0.85 ± 0.33

0.57 ± 0.11

[0.05, 0.51]

1.13

0.021^a

1.00 ± 0.36

0.59 ± 0.12

[0.15, 0.68]

1.54

0.006^a

Brachialis

0.90 ± 0.23

0.67 ± 0.16

[0.04, 0.42]

1.16

0.019^a

0.95 ± 0.31

0.63 ± 0.14

[0.09, 0.55]

1.32

0.011^a

Triceps

0.74 ± 0.36

0.55 ± 0.10

[−0.07, 0.45]

0.72

0.137

0.60 ± 0.31

0.54 ± 0.12

[−0.15, 0.29]

0.29

0.519

Anconeus

0.77 ± 0.17

0.78 ± 0.14

[− 0.15, 0.14]

0.04

0.923

0.84 ± 0.21

0.74 ± 0.18

[−0.08, 0.29]

0.53

0.25

Pronator teres

0.77 ± 0.26

0.71 ± 0.19

[−0.15, 0.27]

0.26

0.562

0.82 ± 0.36

0.76 ± 0.18

[−0.20, 0.33]

0.22

0.631

Forearm flexors

0.96 ± 0.40

0.76 ± 0.08

[−0.08, 0.49]

0.71

0.144

1.04 ± 0.32

0.73 ± 0.10

[0.07, 0.54]

1.29

0.015^a

Pronator quadratus

0.87 ± 0.53

0.72 ± 0.19

[−0.25, 0.53]

0.36

0.432

0.72 ± 0.16

0.72 ± 0.19

[−0.16, 0.17]

0.02

0.971

Brachioradialis

0.87 ± 0.30

0.64 ± 0.13

[0.01, 0.44]

1.00

0.038^a

0.71 ± 0.28

0.54 ± 0.09

[−0.04, 0.37]

0.8

0.102

Extensor digitorum

1.67 ± 0.49

0.81 ± 0.15

[0.35, 1.09]

1.90

0.001^a

1.96 ± 0.64

0.88 ± 0.17

[0.64, 1.51]

2.31

0.000^a

Abductor hallucis brevis

1.67 ± 0.71

0.88 ± 0.30

[0.26, 1.32]

1.45

0.007^a

1.30 ± 0.57

0.77 ± 0.14

[0.11, 0.94]

1.27

0.017^a

Adductor hallucis

2.10 ± 0.88

1.13 ± 0.27

[0.33, 1.62]

1.50

0.007^a

1.51 ± 0.54

1.03 ± 0.24

[0.07, 0.88]

1.13

0.026^a

Abductor digiti minimi pedis

1.06 ± 0.64

0.94 ± 0.23

[−0.32, 0.57]

0.26

0.569

0.97 ± 0.29

0.86 ± 0.20

[−0.13, 0.35]

0.44

0.341

Lumbricalis

1.64 ± 0.77

1.02 ± 0.41

[0.05, 1.21]

1.02

0.036^a

1.36 ± 0.67

0.97 ± 0.21

[−0.08, 0.85]

0.78

0.097